A Critical Review of the Common Instructional Design Models

Instructional design can be defined, at the most basic level, as a process via which a system for 'knowledge transfer' from instructors to learners is developed and implemented. The idea behind it is to systematize that knowledge transfer process in the learning system. Properly carried out, it should culminate in the development of a knowledge transfer system that is efficient (one in which learning resources are maximized on), effective (one in which real learning takes place) and appealing to both the learners and the instructors. As such, it is a crucial part of the educational planning process.

Over the years, a number of instructional design models have evolved. Each has its own strength and weakness; which we very briefly explore.

The simplest of these models is arguably the so-called 'rapid prototyping' model. The strength of this model comes from its simplicity. But therein also lies its weakness - with some critics feeling that it simply doesn't go far enough in its analysis.

Then there is the instructional development learning system. While still a relatively simple model to understand and implement, its analysis is deeper and hence better than that of the rapid prototyping model. It weakness is that it is considered an old model (developed as it was in 1970)-and unable to cope to cope with some of the instructional needs of today.

Further on, we have the Dick and Carey instructional design model. Its strength lies in the fact that it looks at the learning system as a whole, appreciating the inter-relatedness of the various components (rather than breaking it into endless components, and ending up losing sight of the 'big picture'). Its weakness, like the instructional development learning system, lies in the fact that it in is a relatively old model, which may not cope with some of today's instructional needs.

Lastly, we have the so-called ADDIE-model. It strength lies in its adaptability to various learning situations, making it a 'timeless model.' Its only apparent weakness is in the fact that the five phase approach it takes to the instructional design process may not be comprehensive enough - at least according to its critics.

Matt Black is the Online Degree Blogger. With hundreds of schools and thousands of degrees to choose from, making the right education choice can be overwhelming. If you are considering an online degree my blog can help you make the right choice.